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Saturday, November 26, 2011
Video: Why the Right Should Not Attempt Comedy (Little green footballs)
Surprise role of nuclear structure protein in development
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Public release date: 24-Nov-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Yixian Zheng
zheng@ciwemb.edu
410-246-3032
Carnegie Institution
Baltimore, MD Scientists have long held theories about the importance of proteins called B-type lamins in the process of embryonic stem cells replicating and differentiating into different varieties of cells. New research from a team led by Carnegie's Yixian Zheng indicates that, counter to expectations, these B-type lamins are not necessary for stem cells to renew and develop, but are necessary for proper organ development. Their work is published November 24 by Science Express.
Nuclear lamina is the material that lines the inside of a cell's nucleus. Its major structural component is a family of proteins called lamins, of which B-type lamins are prominent members and thought to be absolutely essential for a cell's survival. Mutations in lamins have been linked to a number of human diseases. Lamins are thought to suppress the expression of certain genes by binding directly to the DNA within the cell's nucleus.
The role of B-type lamins in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into various types of cells, depending on where in a body they are located, was thought to be crucial. The lamins were thought to use their DNA-binding suppression abilities to tell a cell which type of development pathway to follow.
But the team--including Carnegie's Youngjo Kim, Katie McDole, and Chen-Ming Fan--took a hard look at the functions of B-type lamins in embryonic stem cells and in live mice.
They found that, counter to expectations, lamin-Bs were not essential for embryonic stem cells to survive, nor did their DNA binding directly regulate the genes to which they were attached. However, mice deficient in B-type lamins were born with improperly developed organsincluding defects in the lungs, diaphragms and brainsand were unable to breathe.
"Our works seems to indicate that while B-type lamins are not part of the early developmental tissue-building process, while they are important in facilitating the integration of different cell types into the complex architectures of various developing organs," Kim, the lead author, said. "We have set the stage to dissect the ways that a cell's nuclear lamina promote tissue organization process during development."
###
Other members of the team were Alexei Sharov and Minoru Ko of the National Institutes of Health, and Melody Cheng, Haiping Hao, and Nicholas Gaiano the of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (AAS, MSHK) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
The Carnegie Institution for Science (carnegiescience.edu) is a private, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with six research departments throughout the U.S. Since its founding in 1902, the Carnegie Institution has been a pioneering force in basic scientific research. Carnegie scientists are leaders in plant biology, developmental biology, astronomy, materials science, global ecology, and Earth and planetary science.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Public release date: 24-Nov-2011[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Yixian Zheng
zheng@ciwemb.edu
410-246-3032
Carnegie Institution
Baltimore, MD Scientists have long held theories about the importance of proteins called B-type lamins in the process of embryonic stem cells replicating and differentiating into different varieties of cells. New research from a team led by Carnegie's Yixian Zheng indicates that, counter to expectations, these B-type lamins are not necessary for stem cells to renew and develop, but are necessary for proper organ development. Their work is published November 24 by Science Express.
Nuclear lamina is the material that lines the inside of a cell's nucleus. Its major structural component is a family of proteins called lamins, of which B-type lamins are prominent members and thought to be absolutely essential for a cell's survival. Mutations in lamins have been linked to a number of human diseases. Lamins are thought to suppress the expression of certain genes by binding directly to the DNA within the cell's nucleus.
The role of B-type lamins in the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into various types of cells, depending on where in a body they are located, was thought to be crucial. The lamins were thought to use their DNA-binding suppression abilities to tell a cell which type of development pathway to follow.
But the team--including Carnegie's Youngjo Kim, Katie McDole, and Chen-Ming Fan--took a hard look at the functions of B-type lamins in embryonic stem cells and in live mice.
They found that, counter to expectations, lamin-Bs were not essential for embryonic stem cells to survive, nor did their DNA binding directly regulate the genes to which they were attached. However, mice deficient in B-type lamins were born with improperly developed organsincluding defects in the lungs, diaphragms and brainsand were unable to breathe.
"Our works seems to indicate that while B-type lamins are not part of the early developmental tissue-building process, while they are important in facilitating the integration of different cell types into the complex architectures of various developing organs," Kim, the lead author, said. "We have set the stage to dissect the ways that a cell's nuclear lamina promote tissue organization process during development."
###
Other members of the team were Alexei Sharov and Minoru Ko of the National Institutes of Health, and Melody Cheng, Haiping Hao, and Nicholas Gaiano the of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
This research was supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging (AAS, MSHK) and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
The Carnegie Institution for Science (carnegiescience.edu) is a private, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with six research departments throughout the U.S. Since its founding in 1902, the Carnegie Institution has been a pioneering force in basic scientific research. Carnegie scientists are leaders in plant biology, developmental biology, astronomy, materials science, global ecology, and Earth and planetary science.
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2011-11/ci-sro112111.php
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Friday, November 25, 2011
What Demi Lovato Is Most Thankful for in 2011 (omg!)
Demi Lovato is counting her blessings this holiday season.
"As many of you know, last year at this time, I was in treatment. I spent Thanksgiving, Christmas and New Year's Eve away from my home and family which is why I am so excited to be with them this year," the 19-year-old singer writes in her monthly Seventeen column. "Thinking about how far I have come in a year makes me so thankful."
PHOTOS: Demi through the years
In late 2010, Lovato checked into a rehab facility to treat depression and bulimia. While there, the former Disney Channel star also discovered she suffers from Bipolar II disorder.
"I could not have done this without God and the amazing support from my family," Lovato says. "They have stuck by me through everything and love me just the way that I am. That is a wonderful feeling to know that people accept the real you."
VIDEO: Watch Demi's triumphant return to the stage
Despite her hardships, the teen singer says she's "thankful for my life path, including the highs and the lows, because it has caused my true self to shine through."
"Going to treatment was a gift and I believe it saved my life. I learned how to be strong and healthy even through struggles," Lovato says. "It also helped me open up about my issues and share them with others. Knowing that my family, friends and fans accept me for who I am is the greatest feeling ever!"
PHOTOS: Famous Disney stars
Lovato -- who is currently on tour to promote her third album, Unbreakable -- says the experience taught her to stop taking "things for granted, like my family, friends, fans and career. Each day is special to me and I take each day one day at a time."
"Sometimes people get busy and forget to enjoy the moment, but I know I will not do that this holiday season," she adds. "I have worked very hard to get to the place I am today and I am going to enjoy every minute of it!"
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Packers beat Lions 27-15 to improve to 11-0 (AP)
DETROIT ? Aaron Rodgers took every hit the Detroit Lions could dish out.
He just kept throwing ? and winning.
Rodgers threw two touchdown passes and the Green Bay Packers built a big lead in the third quarter thanks in part to Ndamukong Suh's ejection during a 27-15 victory in Detroit on Thursday.
Detroit's best chance to beat the Packers was to knock Rodgers out of the game, just as it did last year in a victory that started a nine-game winning streak.
The Lions gave that tactic a shot, hitting him even if he had already gotten rid of the ball. Kyle Vanden Bosch was flagged for one of those late hits and could've drawn another penalty for trying to rough up the star quarterback even more on the same drive.
Rodgers refused to be rattled, kept his cool and won ? again.
"We try to rise above things like that," Rodgers said. "We knew in a rivalry game, there are going to be a hard of hard hits, but we kept things between the whistles."
The defending champion Packers are 11-0 for the first time in franchise history and have won a team-record 17 straight, including the playoffs.
"I don't feel any pressure, this is a good place to be," coach Mike McCarthy said. "Who doesn't want to be 11-0?"
Green Bay easily passed what was expected to be one of its toughest tests toward joining the 2007 New England Patriots as the NFL's only teams to have 16-0 regular seasons.
"We're a long way from there," Rodgers said. "This is a big step toward our first goal, which is winning the division. If we are undefeated after 14 or 15 games, we'll talk about 16."
While the Packers are working on a perfect season, Detroit (7-4) has to figure out a way to avoid the physical and mental mistakes that have put the team on the playoff bubble after a 5-0 start.
The Lions have lost a franchise-record eight consecutive Thanksgiving games and added to their misery in ugly fashion.
"It really does ruin the holiday," center Dominic Raiola said. "You put so much into this and to go out there and lay an egg like that, it's disappointing. My day's ruined."
Suh's day might lead to another fine ? and possibly a suspension.
He was tossed for stomping on Evan Dietrich-Smith's right arm in the third quarter.
Suh insisted he didn't intentionally step on the opposing lineman with his right foot, saying he was just trying to separate himself from the situation.
"I apologize to my teammates and my fans and my coaches for putting myself in a position to be misinterpreted and taken out of the game," Suh said.
Dietrich-Smith wouldn't say it was a dirty play.
"Stuff happens," he said.
Green Bay defensive end Ryan Pickett was more outspoken.
"There's no place for that," Pickett said.
The Packers took advantage of Suh's misstep just as they did on Matthew Stafford's three interceptions.
John Kuhn followed nose tackle B.J. Raji for a 1-yard TD plunge after Suh was flagged on third down, and Green Bay turned Stafford's interceptions into two TDs and a field goal.
Detroit became the NFL's first team to win three games in a season after trailing by 17 points with Sunday's comeback win over Carolina, but the Packers proved they weren't as vulnerable as the Panthers.
The Lions finally scored when Keiland Williams ran for a 16-yard TD with 13:11 left and added the 2-point conversion on a pass from Stafford to Titus Young that trimmed Green Bay's lead to 16. They scored a meaningless TD on Stafford's 3-yard pass to Calvin Johnson with 11 seconds left.
Detroit had raised expectations for a competitive and entertaining game during its annual showcase after losing the last seven games by three-plus TDs on average.
The Lions kept it close early ? in a punt- and penalty-filled first half ? then simply couldn't keep up with Rodgers' passing attack and failed to stay disciplined.
A game that was scoreless for the first 25 minutes turned into a 24-0 lead for Green Bay late in the third.
"You have to keep your composure," Green Bay cornerback Charles Woodson said. "In big games, you need your best players there.
"They broke and we took advantage of it."
Rodgers doesn't need any help, but he did get an assist when Detroit lost three defensive backs to injuries, leaving the Lions with receiver Rashied Davis in the secondary.
Rodgers was 22 of 32 for 307 yards. He threw a 3-yard TD pass to Greg Jennings with 4:51 left in the first half for the first score of the game and a 65-yard pass to James Jones in the third for a 21-0 lead.
Stafford was 32 of 45 for 276 yards. He was picked off by Woodson, Clay Matthews and Robert Francois.
Despite the humbling loss, Stafford remained confident about how his team stacks up with the Packers.
"I still do feel like we match up really well against those guys," he said. "We didn't play our best. We didn't get a bunch of breaks."
Green Bay's winning streak, including its run in the 2010 playoffs, equals the streak the Oakland Raiders had during the 1976-77 seasons.
New England won 18 straight during the 2007 season only to lose to the New York Giants in the Super Bowl.
The Indianapolis Colts and New Orleans Saints were the last teams to start a season 11-0, pulling off the feat two years ago.
"We know we have something special, 12-0 is our goal," Pickett said. "And if 16-0 is there when we get there we'll embrace that."
NOTES: Packers RB James Starks (ankle), LB A.J. Hawk (calf), LB Desmond Bishop (calf) and OG Josh Sitton (knee) were injured. ... RB Kevin Smith (right ankle), FS Louis Delmas (knee), CB Chris Houston (knee) and CB Brandon McDonald (knee) went down for Detroit. ... Green Bay's next game is on the road against the New York Giants and Detroit plays at New Orleans.
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