Computerized 'Rosetta Stone' reconstructs ancient languages

Tuesday, February 12, 2013

University of British Columbia and Berkeley researchers have used a sophisticated new computer system to quickly reconstruct protolanguages ? the rudimentary ancient tongues from which modern languages evolved.

The results, which are 85 per cent accurate when compared to the painstaking manual reconstructions performed by linguists, will be published next week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"We're hopeful our tool will revolutionize historical linguistics much the same way that statistical analysis and computer power revolutionized the study of evolutionary biology," says UBC Assistant Prof. of Statistics Alexandre Bouchard-C?t?, lead author of the study.

"And while our system won't replace the nuanced work of skilled linguists, it could prove valuable by enabling them to increase the number of modern languages they use as the basis for their reconstructions."

Protolanguages are reconstructed by grouping words with common meanings from related modern languages, analyzing common features, and then applying sound-change rules and other criteria to derive the common parent.

The new tool designed by Bouchard-C?t? and colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley analyzes sound changes at the level of basic phonetic units, and can operate at much greater scale than previous computerized tools.

The researchers reconstructed a set of protolanguages from a database of more than 142,000 word forms from 637 Austronesian languages--spoken in Southeast Asia, the Pacific and parts of continental Asia.

Modern Languages				Reconstructed Protolanguage
English	Fijian	Melanau	Inabaknon	Manual	Automated
star	kalokalo	biten	bitu?on	bituqen	bituqen
bird	manumanu	manuk	manok	qayam	qayam
wind	cagi	parjay	bariyo	bali	beliu

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University of British Columbia: http://www.ubc.ca

Thanks to University of British Columbia for this article.

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